Piston packing



w. N. Now ss PISTON PACKING:

FiledJan. 24, 1944- Dec. 2, 1947.

William N. Noviss Patented Dec. 2, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1 PISTON PACKING William N. Noviss, Toledo, Ohio Application January 24, 1944, Serial No. 519,486

2 Claims. 1

This invention relates to the efficient packing of pistons, as to the cylinders in which reciprocable, by means of endless or complete annulus typ of piston rings.

This invention has utility when incorporated in kerfed endless rings, more particularly as having the endless ring portion away from the kerfed portion and with the kerfed portion providing the direct bearing or packing with the cylinder. With a Y or T-type cross section ring and a 2- type cross section ring, such may be nested and assembled as a group.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation, with parts broken away, of an embodiment of the invention in a. trunk type of piston of the expansible skirt type for internal combustion engines;

Fig. 2 is a section, on an enlarged scale, of the major or T-cross section ring for packing the piston in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section, also on an enlarged scale, of one of the minor or Z-cross section packing rings in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a view on a less scale than in Fig. 1, looking axially of a minor packing ring of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is an axial view of a major ring in Fig. 1; and

Fig. 6 is a detail in section of a pump piston and two-part ring.

A piston I has a skirt portion 2, a kerf 3, and a piston pin bearing 4. A shoulder 5 has therefrom a cylindrical portion 6 to an additional shoulder I to a terminal cylindrical portion 8 at explosion or compression end 9 of the piston I.

Under the invention herein, a ring I II is an inwardly extending flange or stem to a V-cross section member, having cross portion or arms II to terminal heads or cylinder contacting wear portions I2, slightly outwardly ofiset by ledge I3 from the cross arm portion II. The cross arm portion II, instead of being perpendicular to th stem I0, may have a slight outward flare. Kerfs I4 are thru the portions I2 and into the portions I I nearly to the stem II), in thereby providing yieldable or expansi'ble wing portions for the major ring between the kerfs I4 thereof.

A ring I 5 is an inwardly projecting flange from a lateral extent web portion I6 having a reverse or Z-type ofiset I1 parallel to the flange I 5. The oiiset or flange portion I'I extends to provide a cylinder contacting race or wear portion I8. Kerfs I9 thru the portions I8, I1, and along the portion I6 toward the ring I5, establish for the minor or Z-cross section expansible endless ring, yieldable portions between the kerfs i9,

In carrying out more efficient practices hereunder, instead of installing a single ring, the T- ring I0, II, I2, I3, I4,may have aring I5 on each side of its stem It]. With an assembly pin 20 thru the three rings of one V and two Z-type, a composite unit is established with the respective kerfs I4, I9 staggered. The course as prefer-red is to shrink such unit over the portion 8' against the shoulder l. A ring 2| is then shrunk or driven upon the piston portion 8. The resulting product is an efficiently packed cylinder and piston. In the compression or explosion stroke of the piston, there is a slight clearance 22 between the outer face of the ring 2| and the flare or web portion I6 of the adjacent Z-cross section ring. As the pressure builds up in this clearance region 22, the sections of the rings I8, II, I6, have an outward give or yield to ride against the internal face of the cylinder. Were this Z-ring device omitted, this expansion performance would be directly against the yieldable portions I 2, II, between the kerfs I4 of the major ring I 9. Opposite direction of piston stroke packing is effected in the two-direction embodiment of this three ring unit. The Z-ring I5, I6, I'I, I8, with its kerfs I9 as in the assembly away from the piston end 9 and toward the skirt 2, has its give or expansion from pressure fluid entrance to clearance region 23. These kerf permitted lift regions of the Z-ring I5, I6, I'I, I8, thus transmit or have secondary expansion upon the staggered kerf expansible sections II, IZ, as nesting therewith. There is experienced extended performance with no detraction from the pressure-holding functioning. The faces I2, I8, while exposed to wear, do not seem readily to depart from efiective working condition.

With the web portions II and I6 as extending laterally from the respective endless ring portions I8, I5, at a slight flare, there is initially slight clearance 22 from the outer portion of the sleeve or collar 2|. Likewise adjacent the shoulder 5, the cylindrical portion 6 initially has a slight clearance 23. The pressure fluid entering on the sides of these webs toward the walls of the piston, thereby has such pressure expand the kerfed portions of the rings to throw the wear faces I2, I8, outward toward th cylinder wall. The kerfs I9, I 4, permit this piston ring packing expansion. The staggered relation between the kerfs I9, I4, maintains such peripheral that there is no blow past this packing. Efficient holding of pressures is had. The smooth wearing of the faces I2, I8, show that there is area of contact. The peripheral uniformity of the wearing as disclosed on the faces l2, [8, seems close to negligible and has established long life for the three part unit as herein disclosed. From this mode of performance, the side of the packing rings toward the piston body is a shrinking to a pressure tight assembly. In the absence of pressure, the packing may be such as to permit the piston to move rather freely. However, at once pressure he encountered, the snug fitting action of the arc wear face portions I2, [8, come into service automatically to hold such pressure, and with a minimum of binding or friction response.

For a push or pull type of piston 24 (Fig. 6); adapted to receive a piston rod thru opening 25, there may be an assembly of two Z-shaped rings l5, l6, ll, l8, and such to nest or fit with a half.

of the Y-ring or Z-ring I2, 26, 21, which as a pinned-together unit may be thrust to the shoulder on the piston 24 and so anchored by the collar or sleeve 2| fixed therewith. In the preferred practice hereunder, there is desired a normal flare or enlargement for the wear sections l2, l8, between the kerfs [4, I9, and this in the range .002" larger diameter than the inside of the cylinder, provides an initial fitting relation for the proper assembly and use.

What is claimed and it is desired to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A piston ring unit comprising first and sec ond ring sections, said. first ring section having an inwardly cylindrical face and the second ring section having an outwardly relatively concentric cylindrical face, said second ring section being of greater diameter and axially spaced from and parallel to the first ring section, and an outwardly flaring connecting web integral with the first and second ring sections having its innerless diameter portion merging into the outer portion of the first ring section and its larger diameter portion merging into the inner portion of the second ring section, said second ring section having kerfs extending into the web, said cylindrical faces being bounded by radial faces.

2. A piston ring unit comprising first, second and third ring sections, said first ring section having an inwardly cylindrical face, and oppositely laterally therefrom said second and third ring, sections having outwardly cylindrical faces of similar diameter and greater than the diameter of the first ring inward face, said rings being concentric and parallel, and outwardly flaring connecting web means merging into the outer portion of the first ring section at the minor diameter of the web means, said web means major diameter merging with the inner portion of the respective second and third ring sections, said second and third ring sections each having ker'fs extending therefrom into the web means toward the first ring section, there being a common axis for the ring sections having perpendicular thereto parallel planes in which are bounding faces for the said ring sections.

N. NOVISS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 458,130 Price Aug. 18, 1891 1,478,561 Faessel Dec. 25, 1923 1,554,536 Tartrais Sept 22, 1925 1,616,310 Esnault-Petterie Feb. 1, 1927 1,784,505 Teetor Dec. 9, 1930 2,157,299 Mercier May 9, 1939 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 123,351 Great Britain June 24, 1918 

